How to Draw the Basic Human Figure TUTORIAL
When information technology comes to learning how to depict people, start simple to ensure success. And what is simpler than drawing armatures? They are well-nigh like glorified stick figures! When yous stop worrying about getting the proportions of the torso and legs just right or making certain your optics are the same size and marshal perfectly, yous can focus more than on the bones idea of the body — where things get, how they piece of work together, how they move. In starting this mode, you can take your time, slowly working to enhance your figure drawing skills. Beneath, Jeff Mellem demonstrates the fundamentals of drawing armatures, excerpted from his book, How to Draw People , and why starting this way leads to better figures down the line. Enjoy! 
Drawing Armatures 101
The best mode to learn to draw the human being figure is to beginning as elementary equally possible. Forget about tracing contours. Forget well-nigh shadows and values. And, forget nearly pare and basic and facial features. What yous demand to exercise is boil the figure down to its essence, something so unproblematic that it can be drawn quickly; something and then clear that there'southward no question about what it represents. When people who don't know how to draw want to sketch a person, they often end up with a stick figure. That's about as simple as you lot tin can get. The trouble with the standard stick figure is that it doesn't possess the data on which to base of operations a drawing. Notwithstanding, with a couple of additions and modifications, you can plough a elementary stick figure into a foundation for a drawing.
Figuring out Stick Figures
If y'all take a stick figure and add some shoulders and hips, you get something that looks a lot more similar a homo than the usual stick figure. If you likewise add in some easily and feet and some bends at the elbows and knees, some book to the head and keep all the parts roughly in proportion to a real person, you'll cease upward with something that's both easy to draw and recognizable as a human. In art, this simplified effigy is chosen an armature. Learning to describe armatures is a slap-up place to offset in effigy cartoon. You don't have to worry most making the armature look like the person yous're drawing. Once you take away all the details, what y'all're left with is a diagram of how someone is posed. By reducing the effigy to this simple representation, yous gain the power to analyze and exaggerate poses you see and invent poses you imagine.
Concur Off on The Gestures…For At present
Ane important note nearly drawing armatures: This is not gesture drawing. Gesture drawings are a improve way to build a drawing considering they show both the pose and the proportion of your effigy (like an armature does), but they also give your cartoon a rhythm and menses. The armature is a more concrete, rigid system that hones your sense of proportion and is an piece of cake and articulate way to build a pose. Gesture drawing is an important skill to master. But for now, stick with the armature as a way to aid you lot run into beyond the surface of your subject. Now permit'south move on to a demonstration on cartoon armatures.
ane. Depict the Head
The first step in cartoon an armature is to draw an oval for the head. I start with the caput considering it establishes the proportion for the rest of the torso. Pay item attention to the angle at which the head tips to the left or right. 
When yous draw your oval, you don't demand to go around and around. Simply draw an ellipse in single lines one time around or then. It helps to practice drawing circles of various sizes and elongations until you tin draw a unproblematic oval shape consistently.
2. Draw the Face Map
Now, you must define how the caput is tipping forwards or backward. Y'all take to recollect of your shape as a sphere and non a flat circle. A sphere has three dimensions, where as a circle has only two. I know the page is flat and your circumvolve only has two dimensions, but you tin can go far appear to have depth simply by wrapping a line around the sphere'southward equator. 
To come across how this works in real life, wrap a prophylactic band around a ball or draw a line effectually the middle of a airship. As you tip the ball or balloon away from y'all, the bend of the line appears to arch upwardly; if y'all tip it forrad, the arch will appear to dip down. 
This line effectually the middle of the oval represents the eye line. The mentum will autumn at the bottom of the oval. The lesser of the olfactory organ is halfway in between the middle and the mentum. The mouth is halfway between the olfactory organ line and the chin. You can add together those lines if you want to show the direction and tilt of the head. 
3. Add the Neck
You will want to add a line for the neck. This line generally represents the spine. Don't worry about anatomy yet; just accept the line start at the back of the sphere contrary the face. The cervix bends and twists to a big degree, so be sure to give it some curvature. Even when a person is looking directly forward, you can run into the natural curvature of the neck in profile. 
4. Draw the Torso
The next pace is to piece of work downward the body to the feet. Draw a line that represents the trunk. Like the neck, this line follows the full general motility of the spine, but you're not trying to draw the curves of the spine itself. Don't worry about the outer curve of the spine at the rib muzzle or the inner curve at the waist. Yous're trying to capture the general movement of the torso down to the hips. 
five. Add the Hips
On the armature, the hips are represented by a direct line that is at a 90-degree bending from the base of the spine. This makes it piece of cake to effigy out how to draw the hip line. Once you've drawn the torso line, the hip line will be perpendicular to it. Facing forwards, the hips are wider than the head. Only, as the body turns to the side, this line foreshortens and could be equally small-scale as a single point. 
half-dozen. Draw the Legs
The legs should be virtually as long equally the head, neck and body combined (assuming the body isn't foreshortened), angle at the heart for the knee. Add a simple line to indicate the management of the feet and to anchor your figure on the footing. 
seven. Draw the Shoulders and Arms
Each shoulder moves independently, then they aren't represented past a straight line like the hips are. When the shoulders are shrugged or rotated forward, the shoulder line should reflect this with a curved line. 
The shoulder line connects to the torso at a right angle, similar to the hips, just information technology curves up, down, forward or dorsum as it moves away from the body, co-ordinate to the pose. Add together the arms and paw in a similar way to the legs and feet, only a piffling shorter. 
Proportions
One time you're comfortable posing an armature, you'll need to start paying attention to getting the proportion correct. Every person is a little bit different. Some people have long legs and a curt trunk. Other people might have long artillery or wide shoulders or a squat head, so y'all take a lot of elbowroom in drawing these things. That said, the classical proportion of an developed is roughly 7-and-a-one-half heads alpine. The tiptop of the head to the pubic area is four heads high. The legs are about 3-and-a-half head lengths tall, just many people stretch them to a more statuesque iv heads.
Armatures in Motility
A cracking way to practice the armature is to requite it something to practice. This armature is hoisting a heavy sack onto his shoulder. 
In each of the drawings, I had to consider how he would motion and how he would stay balanced. It helps to human activity out the motion yourself earlier getting your armature to exercise the same motion on the page. 
Practice:Stop here and cull one of the armatures y'all drew from a reference. Film in your mind the motility the person was going through when that image was captured. Act it out if you can. At present effort to draw armatures that breathing the motion earlier and after the moment you drew in the picture.
Moving Toward Gesture Drawing
Armatures are expert for analyzing the pose and clearly defining how the trunk is positioned. The biggest shortcoming of beginning a cartoon with an armature is that it is rigid and slow to get down on paper. Gesture cartoon is an even quicker way to convey the movement and flow of a pose while still clearly showing how the body is positioned. You lot demand the skills of armature drawing fifty-fifty though you're not actually putting it downwards on newspaper. Gesture cartoon isn't nigh cartoon a skeletal construction or the trunk's contours; it's about capturing the totality of the pose every bit one fluid drawing. That means you may mark the twist of the spine or the outside bend of the hips, only you're not thinking about those individual pieces every bit much as you are trying to capture the energy of the total pose. It nonetheless needs to requite you all the positional information that the armature did, but it also needs to requite you a feeling for the whole subject — not just how everything fits together but also the attitude and energy of the person you're cartoon. 
You tin run into the deviation between the armature and the gesture in these two drawings of the same pose. Both show how the trunk is positioned and the proportion of the effigy, just the gesture gives a sense of rhythm and flow. You may use a night line to emphasize the stretch at the hip or the twist through the torso and lighter, smoother lines on a relaxed arm. These initial observations, recorded in your gesture drawing, will come through as the cartoon develops and help to keep the energy and emotion through to the final rendering.
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Now that you know how to draw armatures, you can movement on to learning all in that location is to know nearly gesture drawing. From at that place, you tin movement on to the basic skeleton of the body, simplified volumes, learning major beefcake, and and so how to put information technology all together for successful figure drawing. And, Josh Mellem's How to Draw People covers information technology all, with stride-by-step lessons, exercises and assignments forth the way.
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How to Draw the Basic Human Figure TUTORIAL
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